具有分压电容平衡功能的新型组合九电平逆变器

针对传统多电平逆变器存在电平数大于3时,分压电容难以平衡,造成拓扑电路结构复杂等问题,对扩展NP点的混合H桥拓扑和独立分压电容平衡拓扑电路进行组合,简化并得到一种新型九电平逆变器拓扑电路;针对该拓扑电路提出相应的四载波层叠SPWM策略。通过仿真分析,扩展NP点的混合H桥拓扑中间两个分压电容电压值幅度在基准电压0V上下波动,其幅度达到±25V;而新型九电平逆变器的分压电容电压值在期望值100V上下波动时,其波动幅值小于±5V,因此,从仿真结果表明新型九电平逆变器拓扑结构及调制策略的应用,不仅可降低输出电压纹波的幅值,还能达到分压电容均衡的效果,并减少了两个开关管的应用,降低经济成本。     

窑街煤电集团体育馆屋盖有限元分析

窑街煤电集团体育馆屋顶采用双层网壳结构。结合建筑外形综合考虑设计计算和加工制作,确定合理的网壳几何拓扑和支承形式。应用3D3S软件进行有限元分析,总结该结构的静力特性和动力特性。     

基于不规则元胞的主轴温度－结构场耦合热拓扑优化设计方法

为了适应复杂的几何形状,避免传统的规则矩形元胞不能均匀地覆盖设计区域的问题,实现主轴结构耦合场热拓扑优化设计,提出基于不规则元胞的混合元胞自动机法（HCAM）耦合场主轴热拓扑优化设计方法. 该方法以数值传热学的相关理论为基础,用三角形元胞来替代传统的矩形元胞,并引入局部网格细化的思想,在应力集中或应变急剧变化的区域实现局部元胞细化,使得整个结构的元胞尺寸自适应变化. 通过案例对比分析验证了该方法的可行性,该方法可以有效地适应复杂结构形状、减少元胞单元和有限元网格的数量以及降低元胞单元与有限元网格之间映射的难度. 利用不规则元胞的HCAM对主轴结构进行不同工况下的温度－结构场耦合热拓扑优化设计研究,最终获得的热拓扑优化构形结果不仅减少了主轴结构材料,而且改善了其热态特性.     

Controlling interstory drift ratio profiles via topology optimization strategies

An approach to control the profiles of interstory drift ratios along the height of building structures via topology optimization is proposed herein. The theoretical foundation of the proposed approach involves solving a min–max optimization problem to suppress the maximum interstory drift ratio among all stories. Two formulations are suggested: one inherits the bound formulation and the other utilizes a p-norm function to aggregate all individual interstory drift ratios. The proposed methodology can shape the interstory drift ratio profiles into inverted triangular or quadratic patterns because it realizes profile control using a group of shape weight coefficients. The proposed formulations are validated via a series of numerical examples. The disparity between the two formulations is clear. The optimization results show the optimal structural features for controlling the interstory drift ratios under different requirements.     

基于 NetTopologySuite 在 AutoCAD中实现拓扑多边形的构建

一般的AutoCAD软件不支持构建拓扑多边形,在AutoCAD Map3D软件中,通过Clean、Topology等功能可以构建拓扑多边形,但是在实际应用过程中会产生中间数据,运算速度慢,而且多次应用还会产生超出选择集数量最大范围的问题。本文讨论了如何在．NET开发环境下引入符合OpenGIS标准的GIS分析类库NetTopologySuite ,通过GIS解决方案对AutoCAD线状边界进行空间分析,生成拓扑多边形。     

Topology optimization and seismic collapse assessment of shape memory alloy (SMA)-braced frames: Effectiveness of Fe-based SMAs

This paper presents a seismic topology optimization study of steel braced frames with shape memory alloy (SMA) braces. Optimal SMA-braced frames (SMA-BFs) with either Fe-based SMA or NiTi braces are determined in a performance-based seismic design context. The topology optimization is performed on 5- and 10-story SMA-BFs considering the placement, length, and cross-sectional area of SMA bracing members. Geometric, strength, and performance-based design constraints are considered in the optimization. The seismic response and collapse safety of topologically optimal SMA-BFs are assessed according to the FEMA P695 methodology. A comparative study on the optimal SMA-BFs is also presented in terms of total relative cost, collapse capacity, and peak and residual story drift. The results demonstrate that Fe-based SMA-BFs exhibit higher collapse capacity and more uniform distribution of lateral displacement over the frame height while being more cost-effective than NiTi braced frames. In addition to a lower unit price compared to NiTi, Fe-based SMAs reduce SMA material usage. In frames with Fe-based SMA braces, the SMA usage is reduced by up to 80%. The results highlight the need for using SMAs with larger recoverable strains.     

Leader-following consensus of multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems under switching network topology

In recent years, the leader-following consensus problem for multiple uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems has been studied under some restrictive assumptions on the network topology. In this paper, we further study the same problem under switching network topology. We propose a distributed adaptive control law that can solve the problem under a switching network satisfying jointly connected condition. Under this condition, our results do not require the network to be undirected and allow the network to be disconnected at any time instant. Moreover, by introducing an exosystem to generate various reference signals, our control law can handle a class of reference signals such as sinusoidal signals with arbitrary amplitudes and initial phases or ramp signals with arbitrary slopes.     

Evaluation of fluctuating voltage topology with fuel cells and supercapacitors for automotive applications

To develop a single‐stage power conversion topology in which energy storage devices can be directly coupled, a fluctuating voltage topology is applied, leading to lower cost and more compactness with the absence of DC/DC converters. This paper investigates such a topology for automotive applications where fuel cells are directly connected to the DC bus of the inverter, resulting in fluctuating voltage across the DC bus. Further, a supercapacitor pack is also introduced to maintain the power capacity and voltage stability. The hybridization principle and practical application of such a topology are then discussed in the time domain and frequency domain. Furthermore, the transient power requirement is decomposed to design the size of fuel cells and supercapacitors. Simulation results from the modeling of the fuel cell‐supercapacitor powertrain demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this topology. The supercapacitors can serve as a low‐pass filter for the fuel cells. In conclusion, the peak power requirement can be successfully achieved because of the lowered system impedance, and the fuel cells only need to supply the average power.     

Larger Stabilizing Particles Make Stronger Liquid Marble

Understanding the mechanical stability of granular‐armored liquid marbles is prerequisite for their applications including encapsulation, sensors, microreactions, and miniaturized liquid storage. Most liquid marbles are armored with agglomerated granular structure which complicates the wetting and interacting states of particles, hence, impeding one from understanding the effect of granular size on the mechanical stability of marbles. In this work, using a custom‐built platform to examine the liquid marbles armored by a single layer of uniform grains, it is revealed that larger microsized grains produce stronger liquid marble. This finding is attributed to the gravity‐induced capillary attraction which dominates the interaction of particles and provides additional tension to the granular network of the marble surface, which enhances the mechanical stability of marbles. In addition, different granular network structures are formed at the marble surface by using a binary mixture of monodisperse grains, and their effect on the mechanical stability of marbles is explored. The understandings offer important insights for application involving liquid marbles and provides guideline to formulate robust marble‐based products.